![]() ![]() A telephone exchange provides telephone service for a small area. Prior to the invention of the telephone switchboard, pairs of telephones were connected directly with each other, which was primarily useful for connecting a home to the owner's business (They practically functioned as a primitive intercom). Although telephones devices were in use before the invention of the telephone exchange, their success and economical operation would have been impossible with the schema and structure of the contemporary telegraph systems. Telegraph exchanges worked mainly on a store and forward basis. The main users of the electrical telegraph were post offices, railway stations, the more important governmental centers (ministries), stock exchanges, very few nationally distributed newspapers, the largest internationally important corporations, and wealthy individuals. This webpage examines critical aspects of both the parliamentary motion and the congressional resolution. A subsequent counter-motion was unanimously passed in Canada's Parliament 10 days later which declared Bell its inventor. Senate, thus labeling the House resolution as "political rhetoric". The same resolution was not passed in the U.S. The Canadian Parliamentary Motion on Alexander Graham Bell article reviews the controversial June 2002 United States House of Representatives resolution recognizing Meucci's contributions 'in'the invention of the telephone (not 'for' the invention of the telephone). This controversy is narrower than the broader question of who deserves credit for inventing the telephone, for which there are several claimants. The Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy considers the question of whether Bell and Gray invented the telephone independently and, if not, whether Bell stole the invention from Gray. Several other controversies also surround the question of priority of invention for the telephone. ![]() House of Representatives for his contributory work on the telephone. However, in Germany Johann Philipp Reis is seen as a leading telephone pioneer who stopped only just short of a successful device, and as well the Italian-American inventor and businessman Antonio Meucci has been recognized by the U.S. Bell has most often been credited as the inventor of the first practical telephone. Alexander Graham Bell was, however, the first to patent the telephone, as an "apparatus for transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically". The modern telephone is the result of the work of many people. The master telephone patent granted to Bell, 174465, March 10, 1876 An example of one such company was the Pulsion Telephone Supply Company created by Lemuel Mellett in Massachusetts, which designed its version in 1888 and deployed it on railroad right-of-ways.Īdditionally, speaking tubes have long been common, especially within buildings and aboard ships, and they are still in use today. When the Bell telephone patents expired and many new telephone manufacturers began competing, acoustic telephone makers quickly went out of business. ![]() įor a few years in the late 1800s, acoustic telephones were marketed commercially as a competitor to the electrical telephone. The gourd and stretched-hide version resides in the Smithsonian Museum collection and dates back to around the 7th century AD. An early version was also found in use by the Chimu in Peru. An acoustic string phone was not made in 1667. Some of the earliest known experiments were conducted by the British physicist and polymath, Robert Hooke, from 1664 to 1685. The classic example is the children's toy made by connecting the bottoms of two paper cups, metal cans, or plastic bottles with tautly held string. It connects two diaphragms with a taut string or wire, which transmits sound by mechanical vibrations from one to the other along the wire (and not by a modulated electric current). The acoustic tin can telephone, or "lovers' phone", has been known for centuries. The earliest mechanical telephones were based on sound transmission through pipes or other physical media. This distance was greater than that of normal direct speech. A 19th century acoustic tin can or "lovers' telephone"īefore the invention of electromagnetic telephones, mechanical acoustic devices existed for transmitting speech and music over a greater distance. ![]()
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